Nyamuk

Nyamuk: Seekor makhluk yang lemah tapi menakjubkan

Apa sebenarnya nyamuk itu, bisa dibaca disini
Apa yang membedakan nyamuk dengan makhluk lainya bisa di lihat disini


Berikut ini sedikit penjelasan tentang nyamuk Anopheles:
1. Seekor betina dewasa.
2. Memiliki seratus mata di kepalanya.
3. Memiliki 48 gigi di mulutnya.
4. Mempunyai 3 jantung diperutnya lengkap dengan bagian-bagiannya.
5. Memiliki 6 pisau di belalainya dan masing-masing mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda.
6. Memiliki 3 sayap pada setiap sisinya.
7. Dia dilengkapi dengan alat pendeteksi panas yang bekerja seperti infra merah yang berfungsi memantulkan warna kulit manusia pada kegelapan menjadi warna ungu hingga terlihat olehnya.
8. Dilengkapi dengan alat pembius yang membantu dari bahaya jarumnya, agar manusia tidak merasakannya. Adapun yang kita rasa seperti gigitan adalah hasil dari hisapan darah kita.
9. Dilengkapi dengan alat penyeleksi darah, hingga dia tidak menyedot sembarang darah.
10. Dilengkapi alat untuk mengalirkan darah hingga darah bisa mengalir lewat belalainya yang sangat lembut dan kecil.
11. Dan yang lebih mengherankan lagi dari semua ini adalah bahwa ilmu pengetahuan modern telah mengungkap fakta bahwa di atas punggung nyamuk hidup serangga yang sangat kecil, yang tidak nampak kecuali dengan alat pembesar (mikroskop)

Life Cycle of the Parasite

During the process of hematophagy the female Anopheles mosquito inoculates the esporozoítos in humans
(1). The esporozoítos infect the liver cells
(2) and here are multiplied by asexual division called this phase esquizogonia liver, producing multiple merozoitos which are grouped into a form called esquizonte
(3) The hepatocytes break when schizonts have reached maturity giving lead to the release of merozoítos the general circulation
(4). After this esquizogonia multiplying in the liver or liver esquizogonia exoeritrocítica
(A), the parasite as merozoito invades red blood cells (esquizogonia erythrocytic)
(B). The merozoítos invade red blood cells and develops within it a ring called trofozoito
(5). The trophozoites annular begins to divide his chromatin so asexuada creating again esquizonte which once mature breaks releasing merozoitos the general circulation where invadiran new erythrocytes and thus continue the ongoing cycles
(6). Some parasites (merozoitos) by genetic be developed as gametocytes, macrogametocito or gamete microgametocito or gametocito female and male
(7). When the parasite in the blood is taking place the clinical manifestations of the disease.
Gametocytes male and female (microgametocytes) (macrogametocytes) are ingested by a mosquito Anopheles during hematophagy
(8). The multiplication of the parasite in the mosquito is known as esporogónico cycle and the sexual stage of the cycle which lasts from 10 to 20 days
(C). In the stomach of the mosquito The microgametes performing exflagelacion process by which this is divided into 8 shapes able to inspire others macrogametocytes and thus develop zygotes
(9). The zygote becomes ooquineto mobile 5 to 10 hours
(10), invades the gut wall and becomes ooquiste generally outside the stomach
(11). The ooquiste develops on the inside esporozoítos haploid, this ooquiste grows breaks and frees other sporozoites
(12), which once released amounting to trilobuladas salivary glands, where they are ready to be inoculated with the saliva of a new bite.

The inoculation of esporozoítos a new person perpetuates the cycle of malaria (1), which is closed cycle.

In this cycle must be borne in mind that the species P. Vivax and P. Ovale can develop a condition called hepatocyte hypnozoites which at a given time develop and release esquizogonia exoeritrocitaria again merozoitos the bloodstream produce again relapse.

Epidemiológicamente the degree of infection is determined by a balance between the vectors, the parasite, the susceptible population and environmental circumstances, as shown in the above map is endemic in many areas, Europe's main malaria is imported, it has to say acquired in other countries where the disease is endemic and the impact of immigration has increased cases of malaria. Coming to figures well over 400 cases alone in Spain for 2000 and which found that due to tourism were 40% and 60% emigration, with a mortality rate of 3%. Although it is believed that there may be underreporting of the disease.

Taken from the CDC in Atlanta